Gambling involves placing something of value on the outcome of a game or contest or uncertain event with awareness that there is an element of risk and in hope of gain. This activity varies from the purchase of lottery tickets by people with limited incomes to the sophisticated casino gambling that can produce enormous profits for the wealthy. It is a behavior that can impoverish families, cause financial ruin and lead to blackmail, but it also can be an enjoyable recreational activity or a means of social status and prestige.
Historically, the psychiatric community has viewed pathological gambling as more of a compulsion than an addiction. In the past, the disorder was classified under the impulse-control disorders category, which included kleptomania (stealing), pyromania (setting fires) and trichotillomania (hair pulling). Since the publication of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1987, however, research has shown that gambling is more similar to substance dependence than to other forms of compulsive behavior. Thus, in the latest version of the manual (DSM-5), the APA has placed the diagnosis of pathological gambling under the behavioral addictions chapter.
While it is possible to stop gambling, most people who have a problem with it are not able to do so on their own. For those who do seek help, several types of therapy can be effective. These include cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, psychodynamic therapy and group therapy. Some people may also benefit from marriage, career and credit counseling.
In addition to therapy, there are many things that can be done to make gambling safer and more responsible. For example, it is important to be honest with the dealer about how much you are betting and never be tempted by free cocktails. Also, it is a good idea to tip the dealers regularly, but not with cash — use chips only. It is also a good idea to avoid betting on the same horse more than once and to be aware that the odds of winning are always against you.
Dealing with a loved one who has a gambling addiction can be very challenging for families. Because of this, it is important for family members to reach out for support from other families who have dealt with the same issues. Additionally, it is important for the family to set boundaries in managing money so that the gambler does not take over the household finances and create additional problems. It is also a good idea to get family therapy to work through the specific issues that have been created by the gambling addiction and to build a healthier relationship. Lastly, it is important to remember that problem gambling can be very dangerous and it should not be taken lightly. A lot of people have died as a result of this dangerous activity. Gambling has been known to lead to drug and alcohol abuse, domestic violence, bankruptcy, incarceration and suicide. For those who struggle with gambling disorder, it is important to seek treatment as soon as possible.